Sherlock Holmes has what is commonly known as a “photographic memory”. He is often depicted to have an exceptional memory, being able to recall minute deals from visual observations he makes. It’s like his mind is a camera roll that could rewind and stop as he tries to demonstrate his deductive abilities. So is this actually how a mind that is “photographic” works?
Not exactly! The visualizations created in the entertainment field are mostly unrealistic. They like to over-exaggerate interesting ideas and possibilities to ensure interest among their intended audience. In fact, those who say they possess a “photographic” memory, don’t have the ability to see all the past events embedded into their brain as photographs.
Photographic memory, commonly portrayed as the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects with perfect clarity and detail indefinitely, is widely considered a myth by scientists. While some people display a form of memory called eidetic memory, allowing them to recall detailed images for a brief period, this ability typically diminishes with age and does not equate to the lifelong, flawless recall suggested by photographic memory. While individuals with eidetic memory can recall images with impressive detail and accuracy, the recall is not perfect.
Eidetic memory is commonly identified in children rather than adults. So how does one have an eidetic memory? The exact origins of eidetic memory are not well understood, and there is no conclusive evidence to suggest it is inherited genetically. Instead, it is likely the result from a combination of genetic factors, developmental and environmental influences. During childhood, the brain's plasticity may allow the formation of detailed visual memories, which often diminish with age. While true eidetic memory cannot be trained or induced in adults, practices such as using mnemonic devices, engaging in detailed observation exercises, and practicing mindfulness can improve general memory and visual recall abilities.
So why do we still believe in the idea of ‘photographic memory’? The concept of photographic memory persists due to a combination of Hollywood cultural influences and misunderstandings. Popular culture often portrays characters with perfect recall to create a more dramatic hero and to entice its viewers. An example of this is the popular detective, Sherlock Holmes and special agent, Spencer Ried. Additionally, individuals with exceptional memory skills, such as those with highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) or those with genetically enhanced memories, are sometimes mistakenly believed to have ‘photographic memory’. Children with eidetic memory who demonstrate their excellent recall abilities are also a reason for the misconception.
In the end, scientific studies have failed to provide evidence supporting the existence of photographic memory, showing instead that human memory is never perfect and prone to inaccuracies. So unfortunately, your dream of possessing a ‘photographic memory’ may not ever be factual but you can still train your brain to have enhanced memory. The brain is and will always be the most fascinating part of a human’s body and as we explore its depth, we may find more hidden secrets that could change our perception of eidetic memory.
Written by : Niranjana Suresh Preethy
SOURCES:
https://www.newscientist.com/definition/photographic-memory/#:~:text=Photographic%20memory%20is%20the%20ability,than%20what%20we've%20heard.
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